Trail Head: NorthCove division, Lionair Estate (Close to NorthCove Cabanas)

Nearest Town: Bogawantalawa                        Nearest City: Hatton

Access to Trail head: Horton Plains Trail Map | More about Horton Plains National Park

Colombo -> Awissawella [58km on A4] -> Hatton [66km on A7] -> Dickoya [4km on B149] -> Maskeliya [5km on B149] -> Bogawantalawa [22km on B329] -> Trail Head Close to Northcove Cabanas, Loinorn Estate [10km]

Roads are paved all the way up to the Bogawantalawa. From Bogawantalawa the road condition varies from poorly maintained paved to unpaved estate roads. A vehicle with high ground clearance will be better to tackle the section from Bogawantalawa to NorthCove Cabanas

Public transport is available only up to Bogawantalawa.

Trail End: Horton Plains Visitor Centre                Total Length: 11.5km

Elevation Gain: 350m (Elevation at Trail Head: 1800m | Elevation at Trail End: 2150m)

Approximate time: 12-18 hours

Hiking Season: Best months are February to April. July to September is also fairly dry. Avoid monsoon months.

Permit Required: Technically “yes”. But there is no ticket office at the trail head. Therefore permit should be obtained from Horton Plains visitor Centre at the trail end. Therefore special permission from the department of wildlife is required for you to start this trail from Bogawantalawa. Alternatively you can start from the Horton Plains side and end at Bogawantalawa to work around the permit issue.

From the colonial era, there had been several trails from Bogawantalawa to Horton plains. Two of those trails are marked in inch and meter maps. They are (1) The bridle trail from NorthCove to FarrInn (2) Trail from NorthCove to world’s end via Nagrak Division of Non Pareil estate.

This trail guide describes the first track, which is extremely rarely used today (we felt that some sections of the trails haven’t been used for decades)

0 to 3km: As you enter the forest from the NorthCove division (Waypoint: BG01) you will walk along a narrow foot path. This section of the trail is by far the steepest section. The intensity of the ascend may vary but overall it remains steep. Brief flat sections are encountered but will not last for long. Vegetation is thick around the trail but is not too thick to be a disturbance for walking. There are occasional openings which allow you to look around.

At round 1km from the trail head (Waypoint: BG02), intensity of ascend becomes very low. You will encounter longer flat sections. At the same time, the vegetation gradually becomes thicker. From BG02 the trail is completely covered with “Nelu” bushes of human height which makes is quite a challenge to walk this section. These conditions last from about 600m from BG02.

1.6km from the trail head, the trail suddenly reaches an opening (Waypoint: BG03). The trail ahead resembles a broad jeep track. This broad trail goes along a mountain slope. On the right hand side a valley can be seen. About 100m from BG03 the broad jeep track like trail will reduce to a broad foot path, which is couple of feet wide.

Around 1.9km from the trail head, you will encounter a gradual descend from the first time (Waypoint: BG04). As you tackle the mild descend for about 150m, the trail moves gradually in to dense forest (Waypoint: BG05).

The trail will continue to descend through the forest with varying steepness for the next  850m. Around 3km from the trail head you will come out of the natural forest and after passing a brief plot of Turpentine, you will reach a valley where multiple streams meet (Waypoint: BG06).

Immediately surrounding the valley on your right hand side is a Turpentine forest. On your left hand side you can see two mountain peaks in the distance. Right ahead of you is a narrow, somewhat open grass land sandwiched between the forest covered mountain slopes.

3km to 7km: From BG06, continue to walk along the narrow grass patch between the mountain sides. The trail is clear through the savanna with a lot of “Maha Rathmal” plants scattered on both sides. From BG06, the trail will ascend from about 500m and will then descend for the next 500m in to a wider open area called “Mahadeniya” (Waypoint: BG07). Mahadeniya is also a place where couple of streams meets. There is a lot of illegal gemming happening at this place as well.  You will also see a number of springs as well as gem pits filled with water.

Once you are at Mahadeniya continue to walk upstream long the left bank of the main stream (cross the stream if you are on the wrong side) until you reach the base of a small hill on your left hand side covered with grass and with a large boulder at the top.  Turn left at this point (Waypoint: BG08) and climb up to the boulder (Waypoint: BG09) through savanna (just about 100m). You will be able to see signs of the old bridle trail on the hill side which you can follow up to the boulder.

(if you continue along the stream without turning left and climbing up to the boulder, you can reach the Nagrak division of Non Pareil estate and reach world’s end from that point)

From BG09, continue to climb down about 50m to reach the narrow grassy valley sandwiched between thick forests (Waypoint: BG10). You can see evidence of Gem mining in this narrow valley as well. The disturbed valley is muddy and wet with a number of streams and Gem pits scattered. Once you climb down, continue to walk along the valley.

For the next 400m you will walk along this narrow valley, crossing a number of small streams flowing in to a larger one on your right hand side. You will be walking along the left bank of the main stream of the valley (stream on the right hand side). Trail is mostly flat with occasional brief mild ascends. 4.5km from the trail head, you will reach the end of the narrow valley and the trail will climb up from the valley to move in to the thick forest in front (Waypoint: BG11)

Once inside the thick forest, the trail will be somewhat visible for the next 400m or so until you reach a stream crossing (Waypoint: BG12). This section of the trail has an underline ascend which is very mild. You will feel as walking on a more or less flat trail with occasional brief ascends and descends.

After the stream crossing at BG12 the trail became more irregular but flat. After a brief walk along the edge of a mountain slope through a grassy patch turn in to the forest on the right hand side. From this point onwards the trail is virtually non-existing. You have to carefully navigate through the dense undergrowth of Nelu and bamboo for the next 400m until you reach another stream crossing (Waypoint: BG13)

After crossing the stream at BG13, the trail becomes clearer for the next 400m. Still it will be a walk through dense undergrowth until you again reach an opening with lots of Gem pits (Waypoint: BG14)

From BG14 the trail continues along the valley covered with dense forest. The trail is not at all clear in this section and therefore the easiest would be to walk upstream along the stream or to walk on the bank of the stream. Please note that the flow of water in these streams can be seasonal and therefore you may not be able to follow the stream always. The next land mark to reach is another patch of Savanna about 1.2km from BG14. Make sure that you walk close to the valley on the right hand side slope of the valley. You may have to cross a varying number of small streams depending on the season and water level.

At 7km from the trail head reach a sizable Savanna patch (more like a Savanna island) (Waypoint: BG15)

7km to 9.6 km: Once you hit the Savanna patch, cross it and enter the forest in front of it. Then you have to walk about 500m through the tick undergrowth until you reach a patch of dwarf bamboo (Waypoint: BG16). From BG15 to BG16, the trail is not clear at all. Make sure that you walk along the forest covered valley, around the mountain on your right hand side.

Once you reach the BG16, you have to climb up about 20m along the mountain slope which you circled from BG 15 and locate the trail that continue to circle the mountain side.

The trail along the mountain side is clearly visible for the next 500m. Since the trail is clear you can maintain a good walking speed. At around 500m from the Bamboo patch (BG16) the trail splits in to two (Waypoint: BG17). One branch continues along the mountain side while the other goes in to the forest. Take the branch towards right which goes in to the forest. Next 100m you will climb down through the forest to an open Savanna patch (Waypoint: BG18).

Once you are on the grass patch you will see signs of a broad track (very much like a jeep track). After you walk along the clear broad track through the grass patch for about 100m you will reach the border between a forest patch and the grass land (Waypoint: BG19). Continue to walk along this border between the forest and grass land for about 75m and then cut across the grass patch to enter a thick forest patch in front. About 100m walk through the forest will take you again in to a grass patch with a broad clear trail (Waypoint: BG20).

From BG20, continue to walk along the clear broad track. You will notice a stream flowing on your left hand side. About 100m from BG20, you will reach a concrete slab laid over the stream as a bridge (Waypoint: BG21). Cross over to the other side of the stream and continue on the broad jeep track going uphill along a mountain slope.

After crossing the stream, the jeep track will climb up for about 50m and will take a right turn to move parallel along the mountain slope through the dense forest.  For the next 1km you will have to walk along this mountain slope until you come out of the forest in to a grassy patch where you merge with the Kirigalpoththa trail at the crossing of a sizable stream flowing over a slab rock (Waypoint: BG22).

The walk along the mountain side is not easy as the trail is barely visible and covered in thick undergrowth. In last 100m or so the trail becomes clearer and the undergrowth becomes thin.

9.6km to 11.5 km: After crossing the stream and merging with the Kirigalpoththa trail, the trail will be broad and clear. It first goes through a thick forest patch for about 300m (Waypoint: BG23), then another 250m through a thin forest/scrub patch (Waypoint: BG24) and then you will have to walk about 1.5km through the vast plain to reach the Horton Plains visitor center (Waypoint: BG25). This part of the trail is easy to walk as it is frequently used by the hiker to the Kirigalpoththa summit.

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• We followed the trail marked in the survey department inch map with the help of a hand held GPS. Check this KML file to see the comparison between the standard trail traced from the map and the actual GPS plot of the trail we walked.
• This is not an easy track to walk mainly because of the thick, thorny undergrowth that covers some sections of the trail.
• Spanning the walk over two days with overnight camping will be a better idea (we did not plan an overnight stay but were forced to do so)
• The trail is non-existing in certain sections. Therefore it is important to have satellite navigation aid unless you are very strong in navigating with maps and compass.
• Carry extra rations and a fire starter kit for emergency use

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Pandeniya River Crossing, Near Dikelikanda Village, Udamaliboda

Nearest Town: Deraniyagala                           Nearest City: Awissawella

Access to Trail head:

Pandeniya River Crossing, Near Dikelikanda Village, Udamaliboda

Colombo -> Awissawella [58km on A4] -> Dehiowita [8km on A7] -> Deraniyagala [13km] -> Ihala-Maliboda (Tea Factory) [15km] -> Pandeniya river crossing, Near Dikelikanda Village, Udamaliboda [6km] (approximately 94km)

Roads are paved all the way up to the Ihala-Maliboda tea factory. From Ihala-Maliboda, most of the remaining 6km are paved but few unpaved sections make it only drivable with a vehicle with high ground clearance.

Reliable public transport is available only up to Deraniyagala. From Deraniyagala to Ihala-Maliboda busses are available but reliability and frequency in not great.

Account for 2hrs to reach the trail head from Dehiowita if driving and 4 hours if using public transport + on foot.

Trail End: Sripada (Adam’s peak)            Total Length: 12km

Elevation Gain: 1700m (Elevation at Trail Head: 555m | Elevation at Trail End: 2250m)

Approximate time: 8 – 12 hours

Hiking Season: Official Sri Pada season begins in December and ends in April. This is the period of best weather. Avoid long week-ends and full-moon days during this period unless you enjoy a crowded trail when you approach the summit J.

An off-season climb on this trail in not recommended unless you are an experienced adventure seeker. The first 8km of this trail goes through thick, remote forest and weather conditions during monsoon months can be extremely hazardous. Flash floods and clod weather are real threats when it rains hard.

Permit Required: NO

Deraniyagala – Ihala maliboda trail is one of the least traveled trails leading to Adam’s peak. It is one of the toughest out of the trails leading to Sripada as well, simply because most of the trail is a though walk through the dense forest of peak wilderness sanctuary on a narrow footpath with rough underfoot conditions.

It also involves crossing several waterways, with the risk of flash floods. The first 8km is no where close to any human presence and this remoteness also adds to its difficulty.

Therefore it is not recommended to attempt this trail during off-season unless you really know what you are doing. Even during the season, one should be well prepared and most importantly, start early when attempting this trail.

The first 8km of the trail from Pandeniya River until it joins the Kuruwita Erathna trail is an overall ascend along the mountain side of “Heen Piduruthalawa” mountain. Therefore you have to walk uphill frequently but the steepness of the climb is generally moderate except for few occasional steep sections. Also ascend is not continuous. There are a plenty of flat sections as well as few brief descends along the way as you have to tackle contours in the slopes with ample water flow.

0 to 6.9km:  As you cross the Pandeniya River at the trail head (Waypoint: UM01), you will have to climb up from the river bank to the broad, unmistakable trail inside the protected area. The trail moves slightly in to the forest, but continues to be along the river valley. With in the first 500m, underfoot conditions will fast change to a rough walk over roots, boulders on the wet forest floor with plenty of leeches welcoming you to this rough and tough terrain (Waypoint: UM03).

About 750m from the trail head, the trail will start moving away from the river valley (Waypoint: UM04). Up to about 1km from the trail head, it is an overall mild ascend with occasional ups and downs until a continuous ascend is encountered at around 1km form the trail head (Waypoint: UM05).

As you climb about 500m more, you reach a beautiful complex of streams cascading down to the river in the valley from the mountain side crossing the trail (Waypoint: UM07 & UM08). Crossing these streams, and after a brief flat section, the trail continue it’s ascend with average steepness but continuously. Underfoot conditions are quite rough and the trail is now a narrow foot path.

The trail moves uphill in this fashion for the next 1.5km. The trail moves progressively away from the river in the valley as it moves both uphill and around the mountain side. Around 3km from the trail head, as the sound of the river completely disappear in the distance, you will encounter a section of steep ascend (Waypoint: UM12).

Once you tackle this steep section, you will again start to hear a stream in the valley below from distance (Waypoint: UM13). With in the next 200m the trail will climb up to this stream along the mountain side and cross it (Waypoint: UM14). After crossing the stream, and after another brief flat section, the trail goes back to its usual rhythm of moderate ascend on a narrow, rough forest trail and quickly move away from the stream. The short hard climbs become more infrequent and brief flat sections become more frequent. Overall it becomes bit easy to walk after passing the above stream compared to the section up to the stream. This state of the trail will remain for about 500m more after which you again have to tackle a steep ascend which will last for about 200m and then you reach flat section of the trail. Around 4.8km from the trail head, you will start a steep continuous descend (Waypoint: UM17).

As you descend about 150m, the intensity of descend becomes less (Waypoint: UM18). The trail continues to climb down until you reach another stream (Waypoint: UM19).

After crossing the small stream, the trail will be a steep climb for a very brief section (Waypoint: UM20) and then become more or less flat. Overall it slowly descends to reach the valley of the upper reaches of “Kuru Ganga” river (Waypoint: UM26) in next 1.75km. This 1.75km is an overall mild descend but there is a mix of short ascends, longer flat walks and occasional sharp descends. You will also cross two small streams (Waypoints: UM23 & UM25) in this stretch.

6.9km to 8km: Once you reach the Kuru Ganga River (UM26), which is also called the “Seethagangula” or “Icy River” on this route, you should take a careful assessment of the water level of it. This is one of the rivers which have a very bad reputation of flash floods.

To continue the hike, you have to cross this river. The continuation of the trail on the opposite bank of the river is located about 25m upstream from UM26, the location where you reach the river (Waypoint: UM27).

The trail on the opposite bank will be mostly flat for the next 500m. There is a very mild ascend overall. The trail moves along the river bank and you will continuously hear the stream in the valley on your left hand side. This will continue until you reach a point where the trail splits in to two, with the left branch taking a sharp descend to the river and the right branch taking a sharp turn uphill and start moving away from the river (Waypoint: UM28).

After an intense climb for about 100m after the UM28, the trial will again become more or less flat (Waypoint: UM29) for another 200m after which you will encounter a some what continuous descend (Waypoint: UM30). With in the next 100m you will reach the Kuruwita Erathna Road (Waypoint: UM31).

8km to 12km: The next 1km along the Kuruwita trail will again be a continuous climb. The trail is broad now but the frequent boulders will make underfoot conditions difficult.

At about 9km from the trail head, you will reach a somewhat flat area with a large bed rock and a permanent resting place (Waypoint: UM32). This is called the “Idikatupana” or “GeththamPana”. As the trail goes over this bed rock, take a look behind you. You will see an interesting landscape with a prominent square shape mountain in the backdrop seen over layers of trees. If you happen to be at this place in the late evening you will be able to witness a memorable sunset scene. There are few places in this section of the trail where you find this square spare mountain creating interesting compositions, the sunset scene at this place is the best out of all of them in my opinion.

Passing this point as you climb another 1km along the rough trail, you will reach the resting place called “Galwangediya” where the Rathnapura-Palabathgala Trail meets the Kuruwita – Erathna Trail, 10 km from the trail head (Waypoint: UM33)

There are few resting places in the next 100m from UM33. The last of this bunch situated at 100m from Galwangediya (Waypoint: UM34). This entire area is a high altitude plain and it’s called “Haramitipana”. From “Heramitipana”Adam’s peak rising like a pinnacle from the surrounding peaks can clearly be seen making it clear that from this location it is a single continues climb to the summit.

Passing “Haramitipana Plain” you have to tackle a somewhat intense and continuous climb on an irregular rocky trail for about 1.2km to reach the last permanent resting place before the summit which is called “Adiyamalathenna” (Waypoint: UM35)

From this point the steepest ascend of the trail has to be tacked. This section is called “Mahagiridamba” or “The Great Rock Climb”. This entire 800m of length is a steep climb. The last 600m is so steep that the steps are continuously aided with steel bars on both sides. As you reach the summit it feels more like walking in the Sky as the steps are so steep.

12km from the trail head you reach the summit of Sri Pada which is the 5^th highest and the most prominent peak in Sri Lanka (Waypoint: UM38).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• Take extra care when crossing major streams. Chances of flash floods are quite high when it rains.
• The first 8km of the trail is NOT lit-up even during Sripada season and therefore that section can only be tacked in daylight. If it gets dark before you reach Kuruwita Trail, spend the night in the forest and start in the morning. Wondering in the dark is a sure way to get lost.
• Except during the late months of Sripada season, the probability of rain is quite high. (Thunder storms during monsoon months May – July, Sep – Nov). Be prepared with a rain coat and water proofing for electronics such as cameras.
• Leaches will be there in hundreds in the first 8km up to Kuruwita Road.
• Unlike in other routes, there are no shops or even a single sign of human in habitation for the first 8km, even during Sripada season.
• Drinking Water is plentiful. Water from streams is generally safe to drink without treatment.
• Make it a point to be at summit before sunrise to witness how the distinctive shape of the mountain casts a triangular shadow on the surrounding plain.
• The summit can be extremely windy & cold, be prepared if you plan to stay there for a considerable time.

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Adevikanda, Erathna (near entrance to mini-hydro power plant)

Nearest Town: Erathna                         Nearest City: Kuruwita

Access to Trail head:

Route to Adevikanda, Erathna

Colombo-> Awissawella -> Ehaliyagoda ->KuruwitaTown[80km] -> Erathna[11km] -> Adevikanda[3km] (approximately 94km)

Roads are paved all the way up to the trail head from the Kuruwita town onA4 Highway. Public transport is available from Kuruwita to the trail head during the sri pada season. Off season this will be limited to the Erathna town. Account for 40 mins from Kuruwita if driving and 1.5 hours on public transport.

Trail End: Sripada (Adam’s peak)            Total Length: 12km

Elevation Gain: 1850m (Elevation at Trail Head: 400m | Elevation at Trail End: 2250m)

Approximate time: 8 – 12 hours

Hiking Season: Official Sri Pada season begins in December and ends in April. This is the period of best weather. Avoid long week-ends and full-moon days during this period unless you enjoy a crowded trailJ.

An off-season climb can also be extremely rewarding since you will completely be away from any civilization or human contact until you reach the peak. Select a dry moth, July or August, since the trail can be extremely hazardous to pass during monsoon months.

Permit Required: NO

Kuruwita – Erathna trail to Sri Pada is the third most popular trail leading toAdam’s peak. This trail is much difficult to tackle than the most popular Hatton-Nallathanni route.

While this trail is about 3km longer than the second most popular Rathnapura – Palabathgala route, the trail conditions and the surrounding environment is very much similar to the Palabathgala trail. In fact these two trails meet 2km before the summit.

0 to 3.4km:  The first 3.4km of this trail is mostly an intense continuous climb. There will be brief flat or less intense sections, but they rarely last for more than 100m at a stretch. This section of the trail mostly goes through the disturbed forest and abandoned tea fields and therefore the trail is fairly broad and open. Steps and other forms of support is available only at most difficult point. The rest of the trail is a rough track over boulders and rocks for the most part.

This climb ends at the top of a mountain known as “Warnagala” meaning “The colourful rock”. “Warnagala” possibly got its name because of the large, exposed rock bed on its side. A stream flows over the large rock bed creating a beautiful large waterfall called “Warnagala falls”. Unfortunately at present most of the water have been diverted to generate hydro power and therefore the true beauty of the fall can only be seen during the wet months (off season).

Important land marks you will pass during this stretch would be

•  “Jambolagaha-Yata” Ambalama (A Permanent Rest Place) at 1.6km from trail head (Waypoint: ES06)
• “Diamondgala” ambalama (A Permanent Rest Place) at 2.6km from the trail head (Waypoint: ES11)
• The intake basin of the penstock of the power plant (where the large pipes carrying water to the turbines collect water diverted from the stream) at 2.8km from the trail head (Waypoint: ES12)
• “Saman Dewalaya” & Buddha Statue about 50m from ES12 (Waypoint: ES13).

An important land mark (and an attraction) that should not be missed in this section is the “WarnagalaFalls”. The first glimpse of the waterfall (or the exposed rock bed during the dry season) can be seen high up in the mountain at round 1.2km from the trail head (Waypoint: ES04). As you climb, around 2.2km from the trail head, the trail goes over the side of this rock bed (Waypoint: ES04). There is a small bridge like structure and steel bars on the trail to help climb the rock bed.  After passing the small bridge look for a trial on to your right side through the forest. This trail will take you to the large rock bed of the waterfall (Waypoint: ES10) (less than 100m walk). Even during the dry season, there are several large pools filled with crystal clear water and during rainy season you can see the magnificent cascade of water over the large rock bed.

This continuous climb ends as you reach the top ofWarnagalaMountain, 3.4km from the trail head.

3.4 to 6 km:  As you reach the top of Warnagala Mountain, after passing a scenic outlook where the trail goes over a rock bed with iron bar laid for support (Waypoint: ES16), you will see the trail transforming in to a narrow foot path through dense, undisturbed forest. These 2.6km is an easy and interesting walk along the edge of a cliff with a river flowing deep in the valley. Because of the forest canopy the trail is well shaded from the sun, the forest is full of interesting wonders such as little flowers and streams, and the trail is more or less flat (with only occasional, very brief climb ups and downs).

The only “Ambalama” or permanent rest place you find in this section is the Ambalama at “Seethagangula” or “IcyRiver” (Waypoint: ES22). At the point, which is located exactly 5km from the trail head; the trail meets the river that was flowing in the valley, at a point where two streams merge. There is a beautiful large natural pool with crystal clear water. You can bath in the river if you can handle the temperature!

As you walk about 1km from this point you will again have to start a section of continuous climb (Waypoint: ES24).

6km to 10km: You will experience frequent, intense climbs during this section as you make about a 500m elevation gain. There will be flat sections intermittently but they will not last long. The trail still goes through the dense forest for the most part and very irregular. Underfoot conditions are not smooth at all.

At about 7.7km from the trail head you will reach Buddhist shrine and a small temple called “MedahinnaTemple” (Waypoint: ES28)

At about 9km from the trail head, you will reach a somewhat flat area with a large bed rock and a permanent resting place (Waypoint: ES32). This is called the “Idikatupana” or “GeththamPana”. As the trail goes over this bed rock, take a look behind you. You will see an interesting landscape with a prominent square shape mountain in the backdrop seen over layers of trees. If you happen to be at this place in the late evening you will be able to witness a memorable sunset scene. There are few places in this section of the trail where you find this square spare mountain creating interesting compositions, the sunset scene at this place is the best out of all of them in my opinion.

Passing this point as you climb another 1km along the rough trail, you will reach the resting place called “Galwangediya” where the Rathnapura-Palabathgala Trail meets the Kuruwita – Erathna Trail, 10 km from the trail head (Waypoint: ES33)

10Km to 12km: There are few resting places in the next 100m from ES33. The last of this bunch situated at 100m from Galwangediya (Waypoint: ES34). This entire area is a high altitude plain and it’s called “Haramitipana”. From “Heramitipana”Adam’s peak rising like a pinnacle from the surrounding peaks can clearly be seen making it clear that from this location it is a single continues climb to the summit.

Passing “Haramitipana Plain” you have to tackle a somewhat intense and continuous climb on an irregular rocky trail for about 1.2km to reach the last permanent resting place before the summit which is called “Adiyamalathenna” (Waypoint: ES35)

From this point the steepest ascend of the trail has to be tacked. This section is called “Mahagiridamba” or “The Great Rock Climb”. This entire 800m of length is a steep climb. The last 600m is so steep that the steps are continuously aided with steel bars on both sides. As you reach the summit it feels more like walking in the Sky as the steps are so steep.

12km from the trail head you reach the summit of Sri Pada which is the 5^th highest and the most prominent peak in Sri Lanka (Waypoint: ES38).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• The summit can be extremely windy & cold, be prepared if you plan to stay there for a considerable time.
• Except during the late months of Sripada season, the probability of rain is quite high. (Thunder storms during monsoon months May – July, Sep – Nov). Be prepared with a rain coat and water proofing for electronics such as cameras.
• Leaches may occasionally bother you, especially in the lower sections of the trail.
• Small shops pop up on the way to the mountain top offering all sorts of food and refreshments during Sripada season.
• Drinking Water is plentiful. Water from streams is generally safe to drink without treatment.
• Make it a point to be at summit before sunrise to witness how the distinctive shape of the mountain casts a triangular shadow on the surrounding plain.
• The best approach would be to start from the trial head on a late morning, reach “Galwangediya” or “Heramitipana” by the evening, spend the night there and climb up to the summit before the sunrise.
• The sheltered rest spots or “Ambalamas” are suitable for an overnight stay if required. During Sripada season, the trail is lit-up at night.

Way Points

Trail Head: Kanneliya Conservation Centre, Koralegama, Panangala, Galle

Nearest Town: Udugama                                   Nearest City: Galle

Access to Trail head:  Kanneliya Trail Map | More about Kanneliya Rain Forest

Route to Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Route1: Colombo -> Galle[116km on A2] -> Udugama [32km on B129] -> Panangala [6km on B156] -> Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 156km)

Route 2: Colombo -> Kalutara (Katukurunda) [45km on A2] -> Nagoda [3km on B008] -> Mathugama [5km on B308 & 11km on B8] -> Horawala [5km on B3] -> Moragala [7km] -> Palewatta [8km on B3] -> Pitigala [10km on B3] -> Udugama [24km via Mapalagama] -> Panangala [6km on B156] ->Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 125km)

Roads are paved all the way up to the Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Trail End: Circular Trail, ends at the trail head                Total Length: 6.3km (including 300m detour to visit Anagimale Falls)

Elevation Gain: 450m (Elevation at Trail Head: 22m | Elevation at highest point: 472m)

Approximate time: 4 – 5 hours

Hiking Season: December to March & July, August.

Permit Required: Yes. Permits can be obtained from the Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Kanneliya Forest Reserve located in theGalledistrict is the largest of the KDN, or Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya, forest complex. Kanneliya supposed to be the most biologically diverse forest in the country which even surpasses theSinharajaRain Forestin terms of bio-diversity.

The Kanneiliya Conservation Centre is the only designated entry point of this complex. The trail to Kabbale Mountain and Anagimale Falls is the longest and the most adventurous walk you can do in Kanneliya Reserve.

This trail starts off from the Kanneliya Conservation Centre. It first climbs up to theKabbaleMountainPeakwhere a panoramic view of the KDN complex can be seen. The trail completes the circle climbing down to the “Anagimale” water fall and winding through the forest along an abandoned logging trail back to the conservation center.

0 to 1.15km:  As you start off from the Kanneliya Conservation Centre (Waypoint: KB01) you will have to walk towards the forest department nursery. Between the nursery and the forest, locate the broad foot path climbing up (fairly steep climb) along the edge of the forest.  As you climb up for about 300m, the trail will make a 90 degree left hand turn in to the forest (Waypoint: KB02) and you will notice that the intensity of the climb eases off a bit.

As you climb up another 400m along the trail, the trail starts to climb down (Waypoint: KB03). In an approximately a 100m gradual descend, you will reach an abandoned logging trail (Waypoint: KB04). Cross the logging trail and continue to walk along the broad footpath. After crossing the logging trail, the next 300m is a relatively easy walk. There are no intense climbing ups or downs. In 300m from the point of crossing the logging trail, you will see a wooden hut and a small cave on the left hand side. The trail makes another 90 degree left turn here and start climbing up to the summer hut (Waypoint: KB05).

1.15km to 2.15km: Passing the hut in the cave, the trail then approaches a fairly steep climb. After about 150m, the climb will become extremely difficult as the trail start climbing through large boulders. You can see very large boulders surrounding you as the trail makes it way through those. After climbing another 150m through the boulders, you will cross a stream called “Galleli Dola” (Means slab rock stream) (Waypoint: KB07). During dry months the stream can go completely dry with only the exposed boulders. Crossing the stream you will continue to climb up along the side of the slab rock. In less than 100m from the point you crossed the stream, you will reach an upper point of the stream which drop about 10m over a rock creating a mini water fall (Waypoint: KB08). Again this can go completely dry.

Passing the waterfall, you have to tackle the most difficult climb of the trail through the boulders for 100m.  After this you will still have to tackle a steam climb but with much better under foot conditions with no rocks to climb on the trail. 150m from the waterfall, the trail reaches an edge of the mountain where you get the first panoramic view. This is called “Punchi Kabbale” or “Mini Kabbale” (Waypoint: KB10).

Leaving “punchi Kabbale” the trail then move along the edge of the mountain without any significant ascend or descent. After a 100m walk along the edge, the trail them makes a slight left turn, briefly climbing up, and move in to the forest (Waypoint: KB11). After the brief climb, the trail will be again flat for the next 130m until you reach the “punchi kabbale” observation point with a small wooden observation deck (Waypoint: KB12).

Passing the observation deck, the next 130m is again a flat section with just one steep ascend at around 50m from the observation deck. This section of the trail is called “Meda Kabbale” or the “middle section of the mountain”. After the flat walk, you will come to a point where you have to tackle a steep climb down of about 30m (Waypoint: KB14).  After you climb down, you have to tackle the final step, 100m climb to the summit of the mountain called “Maha Kabbale” (Waypoint: KB16), 2.15km from the conservation centre.

2.15km to 6.3km: As you start walking back from the peak, rather than climbing down along the same trail, chose the trail on the right side of the original trail to climb down. As you leave the summit and get on to the new trail, you will have to tackle a steep descend for 500m. The first 250m is steep but the second 250m is steeper. You will end this steep section of continuous descends at a small stream (which dries up when there is no rain) (Waypoint: KB18). After crossing the stream, the descend eases off considerably fro about 100m and then intensifies again for another 250m until you reach a wooden hut constructed along a large rock surface (Waypoint: KB20).

Passing the hut, walk about 25m to reach another small stream (which also dries up when there is no rain). After crossing the stream, the trail will become easy and descend become quite insignificant.  300m from the hut (KB20) you will reach the first reliable water source which is again a small stream but something which does not easily go dry (Waypoint: KB22).

Passing the stream, continue to walk down. This section of the trail is some what irregular with frequent but small ups and downs. 300m from the stream (KB22), you will reach another wooden hut and a stream about 25m apart from each other (Waypoint: KB23). This stream is also a reliable water source. Crossing the stream continue to walk along the narrow nature trail for 300m more until you get on to a broad abandoned logging trail (Waypoint: KB24). 200m descend on the logging trail will take you to an abandoned, paved road (Waypoint: KB25).

This paved road had been used as the main access road during the period where selective logging was done in Kanneliya many decades ago. This main road connects the Kanneliya Conservation Centre and a government circuit bungalow inside the forest. This bungalow is not there anymore.

As you cross the paved road, you will see a wooden hut and a trail climbing down through the forest. A 300m climb down along this nature trail will take you to the “AngimaleFalls” (Waypoint: KB26) one of the two largest waterfalls found in Kanneliya.

From the water fall you have to return to the paved road and walk 1.75km to right hand side to complete the trail at the origin, the Kanneliya Conservation Centre (Waypoint: KB01).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• The probability of rain is quite high through out the year. Be prepared with a rain coat and water proofing for electronics such as cameras.
• Unless the trail is very dry, be prepared for leaches.
• Always Carry a adequate amount of water (at least 1 ltr per person)

Way Points

Trail Head: Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Nearest Town: Udugama                      Nearest City: Galle

Access to Trail head:  Kanneliya Trail Map | More about Kanneliya Rain Forest

Route to Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Route1: Colombo -> Galle[116km on A2] -> Udugama [32km on B129] -> Panangala [6km on B156] -> Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 156km)

Route 2: Colombo -> Kalutara (Katukurunda) [45km on A2] -> Nagoda [3km on B008] -> Mathugama [5km on B308 & 11km on B8] -> Horawala [5km on B3] -> Moragala [7km] -> Palewatta [8km on B3] -> Pitigala [10km on B3] -> Udugama [24km via Mapalagama] -> Panangala [6km on B156] ->Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 125km)

Roads are paved all the way up to the Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Trail End: Narangas Ella

Total Length: 5.4 km

Elevation Gain: 200m (Elevation at Trail Head: 30mm | Elevation at highest point: 230m).

Approximate time: 2-3 hours

Hiking Season: Dry months are from December to April and July-August which will be ideal for walking in the forest but you will only be able to see the waterfalls in full flow during the wet months.

Permit Required: YES. Permit can be obtained from Kanneliya Conservation Centre.

Hidden deep in the Kanneliya rain forest, Narangas Ella is a small but an attractive waterfall. The trail leading to this waterfall is not at all difficult to tackle, even though it’s a walk slightly more that 5km. Also the trail covers three other of Kanneliya which are the cave, the Giant Navada tree and the giant creeper.

0 to 4km: From Kanneliya Conservation Center (Waypoint: NG01) you have to start walking along the old tarred road which leads to the now abandoned circuit building located inside the forest. The road is still mostly intact and it winds along the bank of the “Nanikitha Ela” stream. This section of the trail is a continuous, mild climb up. As you walk about 1.4km, you will reach the first point of interest which is a small cave which lies beneath the road. At this way point you can climb down on the right hand side of the road, walk through the cave, and get back on to the road from the left hand side.

Passing the cave, as you proceed 400m more, you will find a foot path climbing down towards the stream on the left hand side (Waypoint: NG03). This trail leads to the “Anagimale Ella” waterfall.

Passing the turn-off to the Anagimale Ella waterfall, continue to walk along the tarred road. About 200m from NG03, you will find another small trail on the right hand side of the road (Waypoint: NG04). You have to climb up to this trail to see the giant creeper (Waypoint: NG05). It is located just few meters inside the forest from the main road.

As you walk about 200m more from NG04, you will notice that the continuous slight ascend you experienced all the way form the trail head eases off to a more flat/mild descend (Waypoint: NG07).

In about 800m from NG07, you will again find a foot path on your left hand side (Waypoint: NG09). This foot path moves in to the forest, crosses the stream, circles thought the giant Navada tree (Waypoint: NG10), and crosses the stream again to rejoin the road in 200m from NG09 (Waypoint: NG11).  The length of the detour to see the Navada tree is approximately 500m.

800m from NG11, you will reach the end of the tarred road (Waypoint: NG12). At this point, if you look inside the forest on the right hand side you will be able to see the remaining of the old circuit bungalows hidden in the forest.

4km to 5.4km: Once the tarred road ends, continuation of the trail will be a broad nature trail. As you proceed about 125m along the nature trail, a large stream has to be crossed (Waypoint: NG13). This stream is called “Millagaha Dola” which is a tributary of the “Nanikitha Ela” stream.

Once you cross the stream, you will again have to continue your walk along the trail which is now very much flat and completely shaded by the canopy. About 100m from the “Millagaha Dola” crossing, you will reach the “Nanikiththa Ela” (Waypoint: NG14).

Once you cross “Nanikiththa ela” the trail will continue in to the forest. For the next 400m the trail will be fairly flat with occasional, minor ascends and descends until you reach another stream (waypoint: NG17). Between NG14 and NG17, you will be crossing another small stream which is very much likely to disappear during the dry season (Waypoint: NG16)

Once you cross the stream at NG17, the trail starts a some what steep ascend which lasts for about 250m. At the end of ascend you will reach a flat area where you will find a trail branching off downhill on the right hand side (Waypoint: NG18).

At this point, you can either take the trail to your right hand side to directly climb down to the waterfall or you can continue along the trail until you reach upper parts of one of the streams (Waypoint: NG19) that meets at the waterfall, take an almost 180 degree turn once you reach the stream to climb down to the place where the three streams meet which is also the base of the Narangas Ella (Waypoint: NG22)

.

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

•  You don’t have to carry a lot of water, Take a small bottle with you and keep it filled from the streams that you cross during the hike.
• Drinking water from streams is safe.
• Leeches can become a problem when the trail is wet.
• If you want to see this waterfall in full flow, you have to choose a wet month as opposed to a dry month. During the dry season, the waterfall becomes just a trickle.

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Horton Plains National Park boarder, 6^th division, Dayagama Estate

Nearest Town: Dayagama                             Nearest City: Talawakele

Access to Trail head: Horton Plains Trail Map | More about Horton Plains National Park

Route to HortonPlainsNational Parkboarder, 6^th division, Dayagama Estate

Route1: Colombo -> Awissawella [58km on A4] -> Hatton [65km on A7] -> Talawakele [16km on A7] -> Lindula [4km on A7] -> Agarapathana [16km on B252] -> Dayagama [5km] -> Estate road to the boarder of 6^th Division, Dayagama Estate [10km on Estate road via division 4 and 3]. Total Distance fromColombo174km

Route 2: Colombo -> Awissawella [58km on A4] -> Hatton [65km on A7] -> Glenyon Bazzar [19km] -> Agarapathana [2.5km on B252] -> Dayagama [5km] -> Estate road to the boarder of 6^th Division, Dayagama Estate  [10km on Estate road via division 4 and 3]. Total Distance fromColombo160km

Roads are paved all the way up to the boarder of Horton Plains. Expect narrow mountainous stretches from Hatton to Glenyon Bazzar (only route 2) and beyond Dayagama (on both routes)

Trail End: Horton Plains Visitor Centre

Total Length: 5.6 km

Elevation Gain: 200m (Elevation at Trail Head: 1926m | Elevation at Trail End: 2126m).

Approximate time: 2-3 hours

Hiking Season: Best months are February to April. July to September is also fairly dry. Avoid monsoon months.

Permit Required: Technically “yes”. But there is no ticket office at the trail head. Therefore permit should be obtained from Horton Plains visitor Centre at the trail end.

Agarapatha, Dayagama road to Horton Plains was a motorable access road. Several years back, the stretch of this road which goes through the protected area of Horton Plains was closed for motor traffic. Therefore at present you can only drive up to the HP boarder of the Dayagama Estate and walk 5.6km from this point to reach the visitor center of Horton Plains.

Most of the road still remains paved but is no longer motorable as there are several sections that have been badly deteriorated.Forestis slowly invading the road where ever the pavement is damaged. Because of the obvious reasons the trail is quite broad and very clearly visible throughout. There is zero possibility of getting lost on this trail and it one of the trails where you can leisurely walk to enjoy the breath-taking beauty of the high altitude forest of Horton Plains.

0 to 800m: The trail head (waypoint: HD01) is located at the HP boarder of the 6^th Division of the Dayagama estate. You can clearly see the tea plantations coming to an abrupt end and the road moving in to the thick forest of Horton Plains at this place.

Before you venture in to Horton Plains and start your hike, walk about 100m on to your left hand side through tea bushes to take a glimpse of one of the hidden water falls of Agra Oya, a tributary of Mahaweli river, from the distance.

As you walk in to Horton Plains, you will start a mild climb. Thick montane forest can be seen on either side of the road. As you walk about 300m along the road, intensity of ascend will increase significantly (waypoint: HD02). After you tackle the intense ascend for 400m you will reach a set of hair-pin bends (waypoint: HD03). After passing the bends the road will continue to climb up but with just a moderate ascend until you reach a distinctive “U” turn after which point the road become almost flat with very mild ascend(waypoint: HD04).

At HD04 you will hear a stream from the distance and on to your left hand there is a scenic outlook towards the distant tea estates and hills of dayagama.

800m to 2.6km: After you pass HD04, the road becomes more or less flat. Overall elevation gain in this stretch is almost zero, but intermediate short climb ups and downs maintain the sense of walking in the mountains. Still there is hardly any serious ascend or descend.

Throughout this stretch, the road goes through thick forest with immense diversity. On the both sides of the road there are many flowering plants, sometimes creating colorful patches in the forest.

As you walk about 800m from HD04, you will again reach a scenic outlook (waypoint: HD07).

About 1.2km from HD04, the road gets quite close to the stream (waypoint: HD09). The forest it self changes its form all the time with the streams adding life to it.

2.6km from the trail head, at the end of this stretch of the road, there is a concrete bridge over a stream (waypoint: HD12). This is an ideal place to take some rest and enjoy the surrounding. From this point onwards, until you reach the Ohiya-Pattipola road, you will have to tackle a section of road with moderate ascends.

2.6km to 5.6km: After crossing the bridge, you will have to tackle four hair-pin bends with some what steep climb for the next 400m. After the bends, ascend again becomes moderate (waypoint: HD13).

Except for a brief descend at about 3.6km from the trail head (waypoint: HD16), rest of this stretch is a continuous moderate to mild climb. Most intense is the first 400m.

4km form the trail head; you will start to see small patches of savanna on the mountain slopes on either sides of the road (waypoint: HD18). As you walk about 400m more, you will enter a thick forest canopy (waypoint: HD19). Walking 200m inside the forest, the trail comes out to an area where you can see more plains as opposed to the forest (waypoint: HD20). The next 500m is a moderate ascend until you will reach the Ohiya-Pattipola main road (waypoint: HD21).

Take the right turn on to the paved road at HD21 and continue 500m along the road through the grass covered plains to reach the visitor center (waypoint: HD22).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

•  You don’t have to carry a lot of water, Take a small bottle with you and keep it filled from the streams that you cross during the hike.
• Drinking water from streams is safe.
• You can also do this trail from tail to head, which will make it even easier as you will be climbing down as opposed to climbing up. If you plan to do so, it will be a good idea to arrange a pickup from the boarder at Dayagama estate 6^th division as public transport is only available from Dayagama town which is 10km from the boarder at 6^th division.
• Be prepared for cold and windy climate.

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: FootBridge over ThelgamuOya at the boarder of Rathkinda and Etanwala (Atanwala) villages

Nearest Town: Illukkumbura                             Nearest City: Pallegama

Access to Trail head:

Route1: from Colombo viaKandy, Matale

Colombo -> Peradeniya [110km on A1] -> Katugasthota [7km on B365] -> Matale [23km on A9] -> Rattota [10km on B38] -> B38 turn-off towards Ratninda [24km on B38] -> Ratninda-Etanwela Boarder [4.5km]. Distance from Colombois 178km

Reoute2: from Pallegama

Pallegama -> Illukkumbura [8km on B38] -> B38 turn-off towards Ratninda [4km on B38] -> Ratninda-Etanwala Boarder [4.5km]. Distance from Pallegama is 16.5km

Paved roads up to Ratninda bazzar. A Jeep track from Ratninda to the foot bridge over Telgamuoya which is slightly less than 1km. Public Transport only available up to the turn-off on B38 towards Ratninda, Pitawala.

Trail End: Forest Department Office near Thelgamu-Oya

Total Length: 6.3km

Elevation Gain: 500m (Elevation at trail head: 621m | Elevation at highest point: 1104m)

Approximate time: 4-6 hours

Hiking Season: March through September. Best: April to July

Permit Required: No

“Maningala” in Sinhalese means the mountain of measurement (of time). Traditionally people in the area had use the shadow of this isolated, elephant shaped rock to keep track of the time of the day.

Climbing Maningala is a rewarding exercise. It lets you enjoy the true beauty of the Knuckles range. The beautiful “Thelgamu-Oya” river, paddy fields with the mountains in the backdrop at the traditional villages, the panoramic view of the Knuckles range from the top of Maningala, the unique flat area on the top of the mountain which resembles the spine of the elephant and the interesting diversity of vegetation are few highlights worth mentioning. Not to forget the colorful butterflies, wildflowers and birds that inhabits the mountain that will come as pleasant surprises quite frequently.

0 to 2.15km: Starting from the foot bridge over Thelgamu Oya (Waypoint: MN01) connecting Rathninda and Etanwala villages, start walking up hills towards Etanwala village. In 300m from the river, you will find the first paddy fields of the Etanwala village (Waypoint: MN03). Cross the fields and reach the centre of the village where the houses are located (Waypoint: MN04).

As you reach the village, you have to start walking towards right hand side along the foot path through the home gardens. Soon you will feel that the trail is climbing up through the home gardens. The trail is well paved with stone steps as this is the beginning of the traditional trail which connects Etanwala village with the traditional villages Rambukoluwa and Meemure (via Walpolamulla, Kalupahana) through the Knuckles range. As you climb for about 300m along the trail, you will notice that the trail is leaving the village and moving in to the forest. You are now walking under the forest canopy. Still the trail is reasonably well paved with stone steps.

Around 1km from the trail head you will reach the burial grounds of Etanwala village which marks the village boarder with the forest (Waypoint: MN09). Passing this, continue to climb up along the trail. In about 500m from the burial ground you will find a narrower trail branching off towards right, climbing sharply up hills (Waypoint: MN10). This is the trail that goes all the way to Meemure via Walpolamulla, Dhuwili Ella water fall and Kalupahana. Don’t take this right turn but continue along the main trail towards Rambukoluwa. In 100m from this point, the trail again splits in to two (Waypoint: MN11). This time, you have to turn left from the trail to climb Maningala. The continuation of the trail goes to the Rambukoluwa village.

As you turn left you have to tackle a some what intense short climb (about 100m), walk about 400m through thick canopy and tackle another intense climb (about 150m) to reach the flat mountain top of Maningala which resembles the spine of the elephant (Waypoint: MN15).

2.15km to 4km: As you reach the flat, narrow and long mountain top (Waypoint: MN15), you will be amazed by the view on both sides. On the right hand side you can see the heart of Knuckles mountains with Kalupahana, Dhuwili Ella falls, Lakegala etc. On your left hand side you can see Reverstan peak and the mountain range.

From here the trail moves biased to the left hand side edge of the plateau. As you walk about 200m from MN15, the trail reaches the left hand edge of the plateau where you can look straight down to see the beautiful aerial view of the Etanwala village (Waypoint: MN17). From this point continue to walk along the trail which is now pretty much flat. There is no forest cover and the vegetation mainly consists of grass and scrubs. It can get quite windy as well. You will occasionally encounter mild ascends and descends but they are hardly of any noticeable intensity. About 1.3km from the point where you first reached the plateau (MN15), the trail moves in to a thick forest (Waypoint: MN22).

After walking about 200m under the canopy, vegetation will again change to more scrub like formation and you will also notice that the ascend is intensifying (Waypoint: MN23). Now you are at the neck of the elephant. What is left is the final climb up to the top of the head!

The final 300m climb to the summit from this point goes through brief sections of thick canopy and scrubs until you reach a scenic outlook providing the panoramic view of Knuckles (Waypoint: MN26). From there its just 50m walk up to the summit (Waypoint: MN27).

4km to 6.3km: As you cross over the summit (Waypoint: MN27) start your walk downhill biased towards your left hand side. As you move away from the summit, the trail moves in to the forest and start a steep descend. As you walk about 200m, descend will become steeper through the forest (Waypoint: MN28). Soon the trail will come out of the thick forest and enters a scrub area, still continuing its steep descend. Another 200m walk through the scrubs, you reach another scenic outlook (Waypoint: MN30). This point provides the panoramic view of another side of the Knuckles range. You can see the Pitawala plains, the Miniworld’s end drop, Illukkumbura village and the Karagahathenna radio transmission station. You will not be able to see the Reverstan peak as you have now crossed over to the other side of Maningala.

Passing MN30 continue to climb down along the trail (steep!). In about 150m, you will reach a brief flat section and will notices that descend have become some what moderate (Waypoint: MN31). 100m more through the scrubs, the trail will move in to the forest (Waypoint: MN32) and come out of that back to the scrubs to reach another scenic outlook (Waypoint: MN33), now you are about 300m from the scenic outlook at MN30.

Passing the scenic outlook at MN33, the trail will again enter the forest. A steep descend will follow and will ease off to a moderate descend over about 100m. After about 150m more of continuous moderate descend, the trail will climb down with much less intensity with intermittent flat section for another 300m and will come out of the canopy again to a scrub land (Waypoint: MN36).

Next 300m of the trail predominantly goes through scrubs with mild to moderate descend. Then it will move in to a thick forest again with the trail transforming itself to a rough, moderate descend over irregular track with boulders (Waypoint: MN38).

As you walk through the forest, the descend will intensify and the trail will start to become more challenging with rocks and boulders. 200m from MN38, you will again come out of the canopy (Waypoint: MN40). The intense descend will continue through the scrubs. This section in fact is the steepest descend you encounter during this hike. Make sure that you don’t attempt to rush through this section. It is quite dangerous.

Climbing down about 150m through the scrub, the trail will again move in to the forest (Waypoint: MN41). Descend is still extremely steep. In 100m more through the forest, descend will ease off (Waypoint: MN42).

The last stretch from MN42 is an easy walk through the forest. You will reach the Illlukkumbura forest department office in the banks of Thelgamu Oya in 250m (Waypoint: MN44)

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• At least 1 liter of water per person should be carried along with you. After you pass the Etanwala village at the very beginning of the trail, there are no water sources until you reach the Thelgamu Oya at Illukkumbura. The trail through out is quite dry.
• It is not advisable to attempt this trail starting from Illukkumbura to end at Etanwala. The illukkumbura side of Maningala is extremely steep and climbing up along that will be strenuous. Therefore always start from Etanwala and finish at Illukkumbura
• Hard winds can be experienced as you reach the top of Maningala, specially during July/August/September.

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Nallathanni,DalhousieBridge

Nearest Town: Maskeliya                      Nearest City: Hatton

Access to Trail head:

Route1: from Colombo

Colombo -> Awissawella [58km on A4] -> Ginigathhena [53km on A7] -> Diyagala [5km on A7] -> Norton Bridge [7km on B71] -> Maussakelle [16km on B328] -> Nallathanni, Dalhousie [11km on B149]. Distance fromColombois 150km

Reoute2: from Hatton

Hatton -> Dickoya[4km on B149] -> Norwood [6km on B149] -> Maskeliya [8km on B149] -> Maussakelle [3km on B149] -> Nallathanni, Dalhousie [11km on B149]. Distance from Hatton is 32km

Roads are paved all the way up to Nallathanni,DalhousieBridge. Public Transport to Nallathanni is available from Maskeliya town.

Trail End: Sri Pada (Adam’s Peak summit)                   Total Length: 5km

Elevation Gain: 1000m (Elevation at trail head: 1252m | Elevation at trail end: 2230m)

Approximate time: 5 – 7 hours

Hiking Season: Official Sripada season begins in December and ends in April. This is the period of best weather. Avoid long week-ends and full-moon days during this period unless you enjoy a crowded trail.

An off-season climb can also be extremely rewarding since you will completely be away from any civilization or human contact until you reach the peak. Select a dry moth, July or August, since the trail can be extremely hazardous to pass during monsoon months.

Permit Required: No

Hatton – Nallathanni route is the most popular trail to the summit of Sri Pada orAdam’s peak. This trail is the shortest amongst the conventional trails leading to Sripada (other popular trails are Rathnapura, Palabaddala Trail and Kuruwita, Erathna Trail). Not only it is short, it is also the trail that starts off from the highest elevation which makes it the trail with lowest elevation gain.

Being the most popular trail, it is well paved for the most part. Sections where the trail climbs up are always aided with well laid cement steps. The facilities along the trail such as rest spots, drinking water etc. are also better compare to the other trails.

0 to 2.25km: As you start off from the Nallathanni Bridge on B149 (Waypoint: NS01), get on to the broad estate road. This estate road winds along the mountain slope of the tea estate with the river flowing in the valley beneath on to your right hand side. There will be small shop on the sides of this section of the trail in very close intervals during the season. You will experience a minimal ascend in this section of the trail and therefore steps and other forms of aid is almost absent.

By far this is the easiest section of the trail. This section ends at the end of the tea estate where the access steps to the “Japanese Temple” start (Waypoint: NS03)

2.25km to 3.30km: As you leave the estate footpath you will have to climb steps for about 100m to reach the temple (Waypoint: NS04), passing the temple continue to walk along the broad trail. You will now realize that climb has some what intensified. Rather than just walking along an almost flat trail, now you have to climb few steps every few meters, occasionally climbing for several meters at a stretch. After passing the temple, the trail is now going through the peak wilderness sanctuary. However during the season you may not feel like walking through a montane forest sanctuary due to the crowd and the small shops that pops up all the way from the trail head to the end.

About 300m from the temple you will reach a brief flat section of the trail known as “Gangule Thenna” (Waypoint: NS06). This is a permanent rest stop.

Passing “Gangule Thenna” continue to climb up along the trail with moderate ascend as described before until you reach the “Seethe Gangula”, 3.30km from the trail head (Waypoint: NS07). At this place the trail crosses a small stream with ice cold water on a bridge. You can have a nice bath at this point if you can handle the temperature! Also there is a permanent shelter for resting at this palce.

3.30km to 4.45km: As you cross the bridge at “Seetha Gangula”, prepare yourself for a stretch of intense ascend with almost non-stop climbing along steps. For the most part the steps are made out of cement and are well laid but there are sections with stone steps which have been partly washed away (roughly from 3.7km to 4.2km).

As you elevate yourself along the trail you will start to get a glimpse of the beauty of the surrounding mountains and the valleys. The trail will also get closer to vegetation as you proceed along it. Enjoy the views and tackle this section slow and steady.

The only notably flat section encountered in this stretch is at 400m from “Seetha Gangula” (Waypoint: NS08). This is also a permanent resting place. Passing this point you will again have to tackle steep steps. There are infrequent brief flat sections but they don’t last for more than few meters.

4.45km from the trail head and after 1.15km of hard climb you will reach “Idikatu Pana” the place where the most difficult and the final climb starts (Waypoint: NS11).

4.45km to 5.2km: From “Idikatupana” (waypoint: NS11) the steepest ascend of the trail has to be tackled. This section is called “Mahagiridamba” or “The Great Rock Climb”. This entire 750m of length is a steep climb. In this section the steps are continuously aided with steel bars on both sides. As you reach the summit it feels more like walking in the Sky as the steps are so steep. Strong, cold winds can also be experienced. The view in to the distant mountains and the valleys will become quite spectacular. It always help to take short, frequent breaks to enjoy these magnificent views.

12km from the trail head you reach the summit of Sri Pada which is the 5^th highest and the most prominent peak in Sri Lanka (Waypoint: NS12).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• Please don’t litter. During the season a large number of people climb along this trail and littering, especially polythene, exerts and immense pressure on the sensitive eco-system of the peak wilderness sanctuary. Please take all your garbage back to the base with you.
• The summit can be extremely windy & cold, be prepared if you plan to stay there for a considerable time.
• Except during the late months of Sripada season, the probability of rain is quite high. (Thunder storms during monsoon months May – July, Sep – Nov). Be prepared with a rain coat and water proofing for electronics such as cameras.
• Small shops pop up on the way to the mountain top offering all sorts of food and refreshments during Sripada season.
• Take a water bottle with you can keep it filled with water sources found at rest spots.
• Make it a point to be at summit before sunrise to witness how the distinctive shape of the mountain casts a triangular shadow on the surrounding plain.
• During Sripada season, the trail is lit-up at night

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Horton Plains Visitor Centre

Nearest Town: Pattipola                        Nearest City: Nanu-Oya

Access to Trail head: Horton Plains Trail Map | More about Horton Plains National Park

Route to Horton Plains Visitor Center

Route1: Colombo-> Awissawella -> Dehiowita -> Karawanella -> Kitulgala -> Ginigathhena -> Hatton -> Thalawakele -> Nanu-Oya -> Ambewela -> Pattipola -> Pattipola Entrance -> Visitor centre (approximately 210KM)

Horton Plains visitor centre is accessible by any kind of a vehicle which is not very long

Trail End: Circular Trail, ends at the trail head               Total Length: 8.0km

Elevation Gain: Negligible (Elevation at lowest point: 2058m | Elevation at highest point: 2149m)

Approximate time: 4 – 5 hours

Hiking Season: Best months are February to April. July to September is also fairly dry. Avoid monsoon months.

Permit Required: YES. Permit can be obtained from either Pattipola Entrance or Ohiya Entrance ofHortonPlainsNational Park

Baker’s fall, World’s End & Mini-world’s End circular trail is the most traveled trail in the Horton Plains National Park as it covers the three most popular attractions of this National park namely, the Baker’s fall – A beautiful Cascade of water, the world’s end – a 2000 meters deep escarpment and the mini-world’s end which is a smaller drop compared to the main escarpment.

0 to 2.6km:  The trail starts off from the visitor centre (waypoint: BW01). AS you set off, you will have to climb down few steps and get on to the wide dirt track winding through the plains (waypoint: BW02). Start walking along this track through the vast plain. For the next 500m you will be slowly climbing up to the junction where the circular portion of the trail begins (waypoint: BW03).

From this junction you can take either of the branches and return on the other. This trail guide takes you through the right hand branch first.

From the junction, as you walk along the right hand side branch, you will start climbing down through the plain towards a stream. This stream is one of the main tributaries of Belohul-Oya which in turn feeds the WalaweRiver. As you walk about 500m from the junction, you can see a narrower trail towards your right hand side (waypoint: BW04). This is the trail to the camp sites. Continue along the main trail to your left.

As you walk about 100m more, you will see a beautiful pond/pool with a small man-made bunt (waypoint: BW05). This is called “The Chimny Pool”. Passing the Chimny pool, continue to walk along the trail through the plain. This section of the trail goes along the stream. Some times it gets quite close to the stream and then starts to move away from it. About 2km from the trail head, you will see an “L” shape pool in the stream (waypoint: BW06). This is called “The Leg of the Mutton” pool.

Passing BW06 continue to walk along the plain. You will notice that the trail slowly move away from the stream and approach the forest. At about 600m from the Leg of the Mutton pool, the trail enters the forest patch (waypoint: BW08).

2.6 to 5.7 km:  Up to the point of entering the forest patch, the trail is almost flat and smooth. As you enter the forest path a some what rough section of the trail starts.

As you descend about 100m through the forest from the point you entered the forest, you will see a trail with a steep climb down towards your right (waypoint: BW09). This is the trail to Baker’s falls. Walk down this foot path to first reach the baker’s falls observation deck (waypoint: BW10) and then you can climb further down to the base of the water fall (waypoint: BW11). You have to then walk back up to BW09 to continue to the world’s end. As you walk about another 100m from BW09 the trail will come out of the forest patch and again enters the plain (waypoint: BW12).

As you come out of the forest patch you have to walk about 1.7 km along the plain to reach the World’s End observation deck (waypoint: BW13) at the edge of the highest plateau of Sri Lanka.

Leaving the World’s End observation deck, the trail then becomes a narrow foot path through the forest for the next 1km. At the end of this 1km walk through the forest, along the narrow trail, you again reach the edge of the plateau at a point known as the Mini World’s End (waypoint: BW14)

5.7 to 8.0 km:  From the Mini World’s End, your return journey starts again through the forest. From Mini World’s End, the return trail is a broad dirt track. In the first 1km from the Mini World’s end, there are several sections where the trail have been quite badly washed away making it some what difficult to walk. After this initial rough section of the trail, the conditions under foot will improve. In another 500m, the trail comes out from the forest and reaches the plain again (waypoint: BW16). Another 300m walk through the plain will take you back to the junction where the trail split in to the two branches (waypoint: BW17/BW03). After a walk down along the broad trail for another 500m, you will be back at the visitor centre (waypoint: BW18/BW01).

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• The weather can change quite fast, especially in the after noon. It can get pretty cold and windy in the plains. Make sure that you are prepared with warm cloths.
• Even though you pass several water sources up to the Baker’s falls, there are no water sources for about 5km from there. There fore carry a small water bottle.
• Don’t start walking this trail after 2 p.m., especially if you are accompanied by children/elderly persons. As sun goes down thick mist and darkness can make this trail quite hazardous.

Way Points

Trail Difficulty: Easy | Moderate | Strenuous | Tough

Trail Head: Horton Plains Visitor Centre

Nearest Town: Pattipola                        Nearest City: Nanu-Oya

Access to Trail head: Horton Plains Trail Map | More about Horton Plains National Park

Route to Horton Plains Visitor Center

Route1: Colombo-> Awissawella -> Dehiowita -> Karawanella -> Kitulgala -> Ginigathhena -> Hatton -> Thalawakele -> Nanu-Oya -> Ambewela -> Pattipola -> Pattipola Entrance -> Visitor centre (approximately 210KM)

Horton Plains visitor center is accessible by any kind of a vehicle which is not very long

Trail End: Kirigalpoththa Peak                 Total Length: 5.6 km

Elevation Gain: 250m (Elevation at Trail Head: 2139m | Elevation at Trail End: 2392m)

Approximate time: 3 – 4 hours

Hiking Season: Best months are February to April. July to September is also fairly dry. Avoid monsoon months.

Permit Required: YES. Permit can be obtained from either Pattipola Entrance or Ohiya Entrance ofHortonPlainsNational Park

Kirigalpothatha is the second highest peak inSri Lankaafter Piduruthalagala. Trail to summit of Kirigalpoththa is arguably the best nature trail in Horton Plains. It is not too though (but not easy either) and will let you experience all aspects of the unique and fragile eco-system of Horton plains. The trail goes through areas of wet grass land, cloud forests and scrubs at the summit. A wide variety of beautiful wild flowers can also be seen during the hike.

0 to 1.63km:  The trail starts off from behind the visitor centre (waypoint: K01). AS you set off, the trail moves in to the vast valley behind the visitor centre. As you walk about 500m, descend to the valley will be complete (waypoint: K02).

The trail then moves along the valley for another 500m and start a mild climb (waypoint: K03) towards a scrub covered hill top with few dead trees. As you reach this small mountain top with dead trees (waypoint: K04) you will notice the trail moving towards the small forest patch in front of you at this point. The trail then moves in to this thin forest patch (waypoint: K05). After a brief walk of about 150m though the trees the trail will again hit the open plain/scrub area and start to climb down (waypoint: 06) towards a small stream.

As you cross the stream (waypoint: K07) the trail moves in to a thick, dense forest patch.

1.63km to 3.58km: Continue to walk through the forest for 300m. As you walk out from the forest patch you will reach a larger stream flowing on a rock bed (waypoint: K08). This is part of the first segment of Belihul-Oya which feeds one of the four main rivers of Sri Lanaka, the Walawe.

As you cross the stream you will find a trail towards your left moving uphill and another moving towards your right.  Walk the trail towards your right which goes along the edge of the forest. As you enter this section of the trail, you will notice a dense forest on your left hand side and the grass land on the right side. You will also notice that most of the grass land is covered by patches of dwarf bamboo trees. The trail moves between the forest and the patches of dwarf bamboo.

As you walk about 300m more, the trail gets sandwiched between the forest and the bamboo patch. It is very hard to walk through bamboo and therefore you will have to get more and closer to the forest. About 1km walk from the stream, you will reach a point where the trail moves in to a tunnel created by dwarf bamboo (waypoint: k10). After a somewhat difficult still very brief walk through the bamboo tunnel, trail will again follow a path between the forest and bamboo patches.

One of the specialties you would notice in this part of the plain is the presence of number of natural springs which feed Belihul-Oya. Literally what you witness is the birth ofWalaweRiver. The grass land will also be full of all sorts of little wild flowers. Large, blue “Binara” flowers stand out from the rest.

Around 3km from the trail head, you will notice a fairly large spring on your right side (waypoint: K11) and you would also notice that the trail moves more towards the plain leaving the forest edge. You will also notice that grass land intrudes in to the forest on your left. The trail goes straight, crossing this intrusion (waypoint: K12) and again reaching the forest edge on the other side. Around 600m from the natural spring (K11) the trail will make an almost 90 degree left turn in to the forest (waypoint: K13).

Note that on a clear day you can see Kirigalpoththa in distance, emerging behind the forest at certain point while you walk on the plain and may get tempted to cut-across the forest. Do not move in to the forest until you reach K13.

3.58km to 4.36km: As the trail makes the sharp left turn in to the forest at K13, a new experience awaits you. This section of the trail is a walk through dense undergrowth of “Nelu”, a seasonal flower bearing plant. During flowering season around April the entire area will be covered with a veil of pink/purple “Nelu” flowers. Even though it’s a pretty sight from distance, walking through “Nelu” is not easy at all.

From the point of making the left turn in to the forest the trail follows pretty much a straight line heading roughly south-west. Initially it will be fairly flat and after about 200m, a mild ascend will be experienced. As you walk further ascend intensifies (waypoint: K14). By this point you have completed 4km in total.

After a somewhat steep climb you will reach a hill top (waypoint: K15) and then in less than 100m from there a somewhat open area (less dense forest canopy/undergrowth) will be reached (waypoint: K16). The trail may become less apparent at this point and the continuation in to the forest from the open area can be found towards your left side. Once you move in to the forest the trail will again be visible through the dense undergrowth. After a brief walk of about 150m you will reach another open area where you will find a large pool/spring and a slab-rock (waypoint: K17).

4.36km to 5.6km: From K17 you have to tackle a quite steep decent to the base of the Kirigalpoththa and then climb all the way to the summit. From K17 the continuation of the trail may be hazy. Kirigalpoththa will be visible biased to your right side but the continuation of the trail is biased to your left. Walk towards the forest from the edge of the pool and look for the trail between South and West direction. As you enter the forest you will again be walking through thick undergrowth (waypoint: K18) and will soon experience a steep descent around 400m from the pool (waypoint: K19). After about 100m of steep climb down you will reach a narrow valley with a small stream and a fair size rock surface to climb in front of you (waypoint: K20). Its time to fill up your water bottles as this is the last water source.

The last 800m of the trail starts here and it will entirely be the climb to the summit. Climb the rock surface and look for the continuation of the trail on the left side and start walking though the undergrowth (waypoint: K21). As you climb, you will notice that the vegetation slowly transforms in to a less dense more scrub like pattern compared to the think forest canopy and undergrowth experienced before.

After a hard climb, you will reach a fairly flat section around 5km point from the trail head (waypoint: K22).  As you climb further you will pass open areas at 150m (waypoint: K23), 250m (waypoint: K24) and 350m (waypoint: K25) form K22.

Climb further along the trail until you reach the bottom of the large slab-rock which makes up to summit of kirigalpoththa (“kirigalpoththa” in Sinhalese means “Salb-Rock”) (waypoint: K28). This point will provide you a nice outlook in to the surrounding area.

To reach the summit point, you have to climb along the edge of the wet, moss covered slab-rock which lay at a 30-degree angle dropping into a bottomless chasm. During the September to November strong winds will also be experienced which adds to the risk of this final climb. This bit you will be reduced to crawling on all fours. To reach the summit point (waypoint: K29) you will have to cross a small forest patch at the very top. The summit point is covered with scrub so the best views would be the views from K28.

Tips, Notes & special remarks:

• Make sure that you carry small water bottle with you and keep it filled.
• Fairly strong winds may be experienced at the summit.
• Temperatures may get somewhat cold there fore make sure that you carry a light sweater and a rain coat.
• Some sections of the trail go through thick undergrowth/bamboo which may scratch your skin. It is recommended to ware something which covers most of your body.
• Take special care to protect your eyes when walking through thick undergrowth as most of the undergrowth will very well be taller than you.
• During rainy season the plain will turn in to a giant sponge and suddenly a foot may plunge into an unseen deep hole. Shoes and jeans may become heavy with mud. Make sure that you do not stray in to the plain. Always try to follow an established trail.
• Update (29/12/2008): from K08 to K20 now there is a new trail cleared by the wildlife officials which is about 750m shorter than the section of the trail descried above and much easier to walk as it avoid going through some of the difficult sections to pass in the marshy plain on the traditional trail described above.

Way Points